Guides

Practical guides to the text jobs that come up at work, school and in code. Each one explains the rules and links to the free tool that does the job in your browser.

• Title case rules: which words to capitalize in a headlineHow AP, Chicago, APA and MLA handle capitalization in titles, which small words stay lowercase, and what to do with hyphens and colons.
• How to change text case in Word, Google Docs and ExcelKeyboard shortcuts, menus and formulas for switching text between UPPERCASE, lowercase and Title Case in Microsoft Word, Google Docs, Excel and Google Sheets.
• camelCase, snake_case and kebab-case: naming conventions explainedWhat camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case and CONSTANT_CASE are, and which one each programming language, file type and URL expects.
• How to fix broken line breaks in text copied from a PDFWhy text pasted from a PDF breaks at the end of every line, and how to join it back into clean paragraphs while keeping the real paragraph breaks.
• How “fancy text” generators work, and when not to use themBold, italic and cursive text for Instagram and X bios are really Unicode symbols. Learn how they work and how they affect screen readers and search.
• How to type special characters and symbols on any deviceType accented letters, ©, ™, °, em dashes and other symbols on Windows, Mac, iPhone and Android with shortcuts, Alt codes and built-in pickers.